The elbow joint is a hinge-type synovial joint that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the radius and ulna (forearm bones). It plays an essential role in positioning the hand in space. The joint allows flexion (bending), extension (straightening), and forearm rotation through pronation and supination.

The elbow is stabilized by strong ligaments, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, along with surrounding muscles such as the biceps, triceps, and forearm muscles. These structures work together to provide both mobility and stability.

During activities like lifting, pushing, and throwing, the elbow can handle forces up to three times body weight. Because of repeated stress and overuse, it is prone to conditions such as tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, bursitis, and ligament injuries.

Proper strengthening, flexibility, and movement mechanics are essential to maintain elbow health and prevent injury.