Arthrokinematics
Arthrokinematics refers to the small, involuntary movements that occur between the joint surfaces during normal motion. These movements include rolling, gliding (sliding), and spinning, which allow joints to move smoothly while maintaining proper alignment. Unlike osteokinematics, arthrokinematics cannot be performed voluntarily but are essential for normal joint function.
Why is Arthrokinematics Important?
Normal arthrokinematics helps maintain joint mobility, stability, and efficient movement. If these accessory movements become restricted or abnormal because of injury, inflammation, or joint stiffness, the joint may become painful and lose its normal range of motion. Understanding arthrokinematics allows clinicians to identify movement dysfunctions more accurately and plan effective treatment.
Arthrokinematics in Physiotherapy
Physiotherapists use the principles of arthrokinematics during joint assessment and manual therapy. By evaluating accessory joint movements, they can identify joint restrictions that may not be detected during active movement alone. Treatment techniques such as joint mobilization aim to restore normal rolling, gliding, and spinning movements, thereby improving joint function and reducing pain.
Everyday Examples
Although arthrokinematics cannot be seen directly, it occurs during many daily activities, including:
- Raising your arm overhead.
- Bending and straightening your knee.
- Walking and climbing stairs.
- Squatting.
- Turning your head while driving.
Without normal accessory joint motion, these movements may become painful or restricted.
Quick Facts
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Category | Biomechanics |
| Also Called | Accessory Joint Motion |
| Occurs Between | Articular Surfaces |
| Types | Roll, Glide (Slide), Spin |
| Voluntary Movement | No |
| Common Clinical Use | Joint Mobilization |
Clinical Pearl
A patient may demonstrate full muscle strength but still have limited joint movement because of restricted arthrokinematics. Restoring accessory joint motion often improves functional movement more effectively than strengthening exercises alone.
Memory Tip
“A = Accessory.”
Think of Arthrokinematics as the accessory movements happening inside a joint while the visible movement occurs outside.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics?
Arthrokinematics describes the accessory movements occurring between joint surfaces, whereas osteokinematics refers to the visible movement of bones around a joint, such as flexion, extension, or abduction.
Why is arthrokinematics important in physiotherapy?
Physiotherapists use arthrokinematics to assess joint restrictions, apply manual therapy techniques, improve mobility, and restore pain-free movement.