Adhesive Capsulitis
Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by pain and progressive stiffness of the shoulder joint. It develops when the joint capsule becomes inflamed, thickened, and less flexible, leading to a gradual loss of both active and passive shoulder movements. The condition usually progresses through different stages and may significantly affect daily activities.
Why is Adhesive Capsulitis Important?
Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and restricted movement in adults, particularly between 40 and 60 years of age. The condition may occur without an obvious cause (primary adhesive capsulitis) or develop after trauma, surgery, prolonged immobilization, or systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Early recognition helps reduce disability and improve functional recovery.
Adhesive Capsulitis in Physiotherapy
Physiotherapists assess pain, shoulder range of motion, joint stiffness, and functional limitations to identify adhesive capsulitis. Treatment focuses on pain management, patient education, joint mobilization, stretching, progressive strengthening, and functional exercises. Rehabilitation aims to restore shoulder mobility while respecting the stage of the condition.
Everyday Examples
People with adhesive capsulitis often experience difficulty while:
- Combing their hair
- Wearing or removing a shirt
- Fastening a bra
- Reaching overhead
- Reaching behind the back
- Sleeping on the affected shoulder
These limitations may gradually interfere with work and daily life.
Quick Facts
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Category | Shoulder Condition |
| Common Name | Frozen Shoulder |
| Joint Involved | Glenohumeral Joint |
| Main Symptoms | Pain and Progressive Stiffness |
| Common Age Group | 40–60 Years |
| Frequently Associated With | Diabetes Mellitus |
Clinical Pearl
One of the classic clinical findings in adhesive capsulitis is a capsular pattern of restriction, where external rotation is usually the most limited movement, followed by abduction and internal rotation. Recognizing this pattern can help differentiate adhesive capsulitis from other shoulder disorders.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is adhesive capsulitis the same as frozen shoulder?
Yes. Frozen shoulder is the common name for adhesive capsulitis.
Can physiotherapy help adhesive capsulitis?
Yes. Physiotherapy plays an important role in reducing pain, improving shoulder mobility, restoring function, and guiding patients through the different stages of recovery.